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Efficient use and preservation of feed in livestock
03
Jun
Jun
Feed accounts for the majority of livestock production costs in general. Therefore, the use and preservation of feed should be concerned, in order to save and create maximum productivity for farmers.
First, farmers need to determine and choose which type of feed manufacturer is suitable for each growth stage and age of the animal. According to the experience of many people, if it is determined that the food being used is not of good quality and suitable, it must be gradually changed to another type of food in a scientific way. Divided into 2 steps: the first step divides the ratio 1:1 between old food and new food in 5-7 days; The second step is to use the whole new food to avoid the shock reaction caused by the change of food type and limit digestive diseases.
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Feeding place
When feeding livestock and poultry, it is necessary to ensure that the feed is used evenly for the animals, to avoid the phenomenon of animals eating unevenly, leading to stunting, growth retardation, attention should be paid to limiting food falling out. .
The amount of food for each cultured object is different, the daily amount of food also depends on each stage of development, each species, the culture environment… , pellets… For pigs and cattle, liquid feed, feed intake, growth rate and overall feed efficiency are enhanced compared to dry feeding system, as liquid feed system enhances better gut health. Advances in the method of feeding fermented liquid feeds promise to maintain a stable microbiome and bring more benefits to livestock production systems. For poultry, when using pellets, if the pellets are too small, it will consume a lot of energy, too large pellets will be difficult to eat. Therefore, depending on the age of the pet, choose the right food.
The frequency of feeding is appropriate to the age of the cultured subjects. When pets are young, they can be fed many small meals, when they are older, depending on their age, they can be fed with main meals, with additional food mixed into the meal.
Preserve
Warehouse of raw materials and food is built in a cool, dry, windy place with a leak-proof roof, surrounded by sewers and drains. There are ventilation holes, ventilation, fans, closed warehouses with air conditioners, dehumidifiers, or ventilation fans. The warehouse floor is 50 – 80 cm high, underneath the foundation is built to make a tunnel for air circulation. Warehouse walls are coated with waterproof cement, do not build warehouses near lakes and ponds.
To prepare to import raw materials and stored food, it is necessary to clean the warehouse, spray disinfectants such as 0.5% copper sulfate, 0.65% dipterex (rarely used) or concentrated lime water to kill mold bacteria. toxic to pets. If the warehouse is stocked with food, it is necessary to periodically spray insecticides to kill insects and molds.
Food storage place must be dry and cool. Periodically about 15-20 days to clean, sanitize, disinfect and kill insects.
Transport vehicles and tools in the warehouse must be cleaned and disinfected. The entrance to the warehouse has an antiseptic pit containing concentrated lime water, preferably 3% crezyl disinfectant… There are fire-fighting tools and fire-extinguishing water when incidents occur.
Feed sacks must be placed high above the ground and about 30-40 cm from the wall. Prevent rats, ants, termites, cockroaches, etc. from entering food storage. Pay attention to torn food bags (because the possibility of mold infection will be high). Do not put old food bags (empty bags) with food storage (because it is easy to get mold from empty bags to food bags).
Bags, barrels, silos containing raw materials and processed food must be clean and disinfected. Arrange bags of ingredients, food in batches, goods for each type separately in appropriate positions, with aisles to get ingredients, food used in the order of first use, later use, and check daily… Raw materials such as fishmeal, dry oil, etc., with high protein content, are placed in the coolest place; premix for cool room, cold room; tonics, vitamins… for cold room, refrigerator.
Raw materials imported into the warehouse must be dry, clean, with a moisture content in accordance with regulations, usually about 12-14%, the types of poor quality (mold, termites, moisture…) are not up to standard, unhygienic, mixed with many impurities, sand…
Absolutely do not import feed ingredients from areas with announced cattle and poultry diseases or sources with reliable information. A good measure to prevent mold is to spray anti-fungal drugs such as acetic acid … on raw materials before entering the warehouse.
Have a warehouse card, log in and out; date, type of material, feed, place of import and export, quantity, quality note, remaining quantity, name of person… for timely and complete tracking.
Periodically rotate the warehouse from top to bottom, inside to outside for ingredients and food.
Mixed, concentrated and supplemented feeds that have been processed not to be stored for a long time in the warehouse; Summer 7-10 days, winter 10-15 days, the type with added grease for cold room can be up to 15 days, in a cool place 5-7 days.
Periodically clean up the food particles that are scattered in the warehouse, because they are a source of mycotoxin growth, affecting animal health.
